Stepping motor is will electrical impulses signal into a line of angular displacement or displacement open loop control components. In the overload of the cases, motor speed, stop depends only on the position of the pulse signal of the frequency and pulse count, and not under the influence of the load changes, i.e. give motor add a pulse signal, motor is turned a corner step distance. This line of the existence of sex, plus the stepping motor only cyclical error and no accumulative error, etc. Make speed, position control in the field with stepping motor to control becomes very simple.

Although the stepping motor has been widely applied, but stepping motor and can not be like common dc motor, ac motor in the regular use. It must be the double ring pulse signal, power drive circuit and other components of the control system can be used. So with good stepping motor but not easy, it involves mechanical, electrical, electronic and computer and so on many specialized knowledge.

Currently, the production and the step motor manufacturer indeed, but a lot of professional and technical personnel, to self development, the development of the manufacturer is very few, most of the manufacturer, only a 20 people, even the most basic equipment all have no. Only in a blind imitation stage. This will give households in product selection, use lots of trouble. Sign in the above situation, we decided to widely induction son type stepping motor for example. Describes the basic working principles. Hope to users in type selection, use, and the improvements help.

Second, induction son type stepping motor principle

(a) type stepping motor principle

Because of reactive stepping motor working principle is simple. First below narrative 3-phase reaction stepping motor principle.

1, structure: motor rotor evenly distributed a lot of small teeth, stator tooth has three excitation, the geometric axis around the resistance in turn respectively with the rotor tooth axis stagger. 0, A third て, two-thirds て, (between two rotor axis gear distance between the teeth with て said for from), namely A and tooth 1 B and the relative qi, the tooth to stagger the 1/3 て 2 right, C and tooth 3 to the right to stagger the two-thirds て, A 'and tooth 5 relative qi, (A' is A, tooth is 1) below 5 tooth rotor is set on graph:

2, rotating: such as A mutually electricity, B, C, because no electricity in magnetic field effect, tooth 1 and A alignment, (rotor without any force with the following are). Such as electricity, A, B interlinked phase C no electricity, tooth 2 should be aligned with B, right now to the right to move through the rotor 1/3 て, this time the tooth 3 and C for A third て, tooth offset 4 and A migration (て-A third て) = two-thirds て. Such as C interlinked electricity, A, B is no electricity, tooth should be aligned with 3 C, this time to the right to move through the rotor and A third て, this time the tooth with A 4 1/3 て aligned for migration. As A mutually electricity, B, C is no electricity, tooth with A 4 align to the right, and rotor moved through the third て so after A, B, C, respectively, A current state 4 (namely the tooth before 1 A tooth) moving to A photograph of motor rotor turn to the right, A tooth, if constantly from according to A, B, C, A... Electricity, motor on each step (each pulse) a third て, spins to the right. If press A, C, B, A... Electricity, motor will reverse. Thus: motor the position and speed of conductive number by several) and (pulse frequency into one-to-one relationship. And the direction of conductive order decision. But, for the moment, to smooth, noise and reduce Angle into consideration. Often take A-AB-B-BC-C-CA-A state, so will the conductive each step て 1/3 original change for 1/6 て. Even through the second phase of the different combination, make its third て into 1/12, 1/24, this て て motor subdivision driver is the basic theoretical basis. It is not difficult to launch: motor stator has m phase excitation resistance and its axis around respectively and the rotor axis gear shift 1 / m, 2 / m... (m-1) / m, 1.And conductive according to certain sequence motor can positive &negative be control-this is the rotation physical conditions. As long as we theoretically according with this condition can make any phase of stepping motor, due to the cost and so on various consideration, market general with two, three, four, five phase which is.

3, moment: once the power of a motor and the appointed between rotor flux will produce magnetic field (Ф) when rotor and stator stagger Angle must produce force F and (d Ф/d theta) proportional to the solar Ф = S Br * S Br for flux density, S for magnetic area F * * * * * * * * d with L is proportional to the Chinese for the length of the iron core L, d for rotor diameter Br = N · I/R N · I for excitation around resistance Ann circle number (current by circle number) R for magnetic resistance. Torque = force * radius and motor torque effective volume * Ann circle number * flux density (only consider is proportional to the linear state) therefore, motor, the greater the volume effective excitation Ann circle number, the greater the stator air gap between the small, the greater the torque motor, and vice versa.

(2) induction son type stepping motor

Characteristics: 1, the son and the traditional induction of reactive, compared with the structure of the rotor of permanent magnet, in order to provide the undo soft magnetic materials, and stator excitation need to offer the magnetic field changes without magnetic materials provide the energy dissipation, so the nod high efficiency, small current motor, low fever. Because of the existence of a permanent magnet, the motor has strong back emf, its own damping effect is better, so that in the process of running smoothly, low noise, low frequency vibration small. Sensing the son type to some extent as synchronous motor is low. A four phase motor can be four phase operation, can also be two phase operation. (must use a bipolar voltage driver), and are not so. Reactive motor For example: four phase, eight phase operation (A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A) completely can use two phase eight pat operation mode. It is not difficult to find that the conditions for C =, D =. A second phase of the motor winding and four in internal motor completely consistent, small power directly by general motors for two phase, and the power of A motor, in order to facilitate use, flexible change the dynamic characteristics, motor tend to be its external connection for eight root lead (four phase), such use, can use four phase motor, can make the two phase motor winding serial or parallel use.

2, the classification of induction motor with phase number son can be divided into: two phase motor, three-phase motor, four phase motor, five phase motors, etc. To base number (motor outside diameter) can be divided into: 42 BYG (BYG for induction son type stepping motor code), 57 BYG, 8